![]() Hydrogen bromide (HBr) reacts with magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2), and the products are magnesium bromide (MgBr 2) and water (H 2O).Ammonia (NH 3) dissolves in hydrofluoric acid (HF) to form ammonium salt (NH 4 –) and fluoride (F –).Sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) react to form potassium sulfate (K 2SO 4) and water (H 2O).Below are some examples, along with the formula of the compounds. Most acid-base reactions occur between strong acids and bases, resulting in complete neutralization. So, we multiply H 2O by 6, thereby balancing both O and H.Ģ H 3PO 4 (aq.) + 3 Ca(OH) 2 (aq.) → Ca 3(PO 4) 2 (s) + 6 H 2O (l) No, we find that there are six O atoms in 3 Ca(OH) 2. So, we multiply the reactants accordingly and obtain:Ģ H 3PO 4 (aq.) + 3 Ca(OH) 2 (aq.) → Ca 3(PO 4) 2 (s) + H 2O (l) We need two phosphates (PO 4 +) and three calcium (Ca +) ions on the left. Consider the example of the reaction between phosphoric acid (H 3PO 4) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 resulting in insoluble Ca 3(PO 4) 2 and water (H 2O). ![]() To balance a reaction, we must make sure that there is an equal number of atoms of a particular element on both sides of the equation. HCl (aq.) + NaOH (aq.) → NaCl (aq.) + H 2O (l) Balancing Acid-Base Reaction For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) salt and water (H 2O). In most acid-base reactions, there will always be water and salts. Predicting Products of Acid-Base Reaction If the number of hydrogens has increased, that substance is the base since it accepts hydrogen ions. If the number of hydrogens has decreased, that substance is the acid because it donates hydrogen ions. To determine whether a substance is an acid or base, count the hydrogens before and after the reaction. How to Identify the Acid and Base in a Reaction Hence, the acid-base reaction is also called neutralization reaction. Strong acid and base react completely and neutralize each other. A strong base is one that quickly gives off hydroxyl (OH –) ions when dissolved in water. The products of an acid-carbonate reaction is a soluble salt, carbon dioxide and water.Acid + Base → Salt + Water Strong Acid and Strong Base ReactionĪ strong acid is one that readily gives off hydronium (H +) ions when dissolved in water (H 2O). An example isĪcetic acid reacting with calcium carbonate to form calcium acetate, carbon dioxide and water:Ģ CH 3COOH + CaCO 3 -> Ca(CH 3COO) 2 + CO 2 + H 2O HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H 2O Acids and carbonates Īn acid can also react with a carbonate, which is a relatively weak base. ![]() This reaction is one of the few processes to make sodium chloride using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide: This is one of the more common acid-base reactions. They are called spectator ions.Īcids and oxides Īn example of an acid-oxide reaction is sulfuric acid and copper(II) oxide reacting to form copper sulfate and water:Īnother example of an acid-oxide reaction is nitric acid reacting with sodium oxide to form sodium nitrate and water:Īcid + oxide = salt + water Acids and hydroxides ![]() The other ions remain constant because they are not affected by the reaction. This reaction may also regarded as neutralization reaction. The products of such a reaction are a salt and water. An acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base.
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